PKM and lung cancer: In addition, PIM2, but not PIM1 or PIM3, has been shown to directly interact with and phosphorylate pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) on T454, leading to increased nuclear activity of PKM2 where it functions as a transcriptional coactivator that promotes glycolysis required for cell survival and proliferation (e.g., in lung cancer A549 cells) [161].