Noteworthy instances of upstream kinase regulation have been reported, such as ETK (epithelial and endothelial tyrosine kinase) that was shown to phosphorylate the PIM1 residue Y218 (situated in a loop between the APE motif and αF helix), elevating its activity in prostate cancer following cytokine (IL-6) treatment [127]. This evidence concerns the gene BMX and prostate carcinoma.