IRF3 and viral infectious disease: To explore the potential role of USP12 in antiviral immunity, we first detected the expression of USP12 after virus infection and found that USP12 expression was induced by HSV-1 infection (S1A and S1B Fig), which was mainly regulated by NF-κB p65 and IRF3, but not by STAT1 (S1C and S1D Fig).