In this context, gastrointestinal factors such as the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), metabolites of aromatic acids, ethanol, short-chain fatty acids, incretins, and modified bile acids are known to contribute to the severity of liver disease [31, 32] and may also have direct effects on the cardiovascular system, potentially influencing HF [33]. The gene discussed is GCG; the disease is hydrops fetalis.