•The Ki-67 proliferation index and Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic index may potentially be used for classification of MDS and AML based on supervised machine learning algorithms, while unsupervised machine learning can be deployed at the level of single cells to potentially distinguish non-malignant from malignant cells for the identification of minimal residual disease. The gene discussed is MKI67; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.