A single dose of 100 J/cm2 at 230 mW/cm2 did not result in bleeding or crust formation but did induce apoptosis, as illustrated by the increase in caspase-3-positive fraction when compared to the contralateral non-irradiated tumours (n = 3, 0.41 ± 0.17 vs. 0.01 ± 0.01) (Figure 3A and Figure S5). Here, CASP3 is linked to neoplasm.