The source of CXCL1 in cholangiocarcinoma tumors may be mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), as cancer cells secrete extracellular vesicles that act on MSC, causing their fibroblastic differentiation and increasing the expression of secretory factors such as CXCL1, CCL2, and IL-6 [156]. Here, CXCL1 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.