CACNA2D3 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: These reports are related to research in ESCC, where CACNA2D3 is downregulated in cancerous samples, possibly due to DNA copy number loss with promoter hypermethylation, and thus, CACNA2D3 is able to inhibit cell proliferation as well as colony and tumor formation in mice, possibly by increasing the expression of p53 and p21 [136].