The two major pathways that drive thyroid cancer are alterations to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (specifically mutations in the BRAF gene (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) or members of the RAS gene family) and to effectors within the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway [8]. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and thyroid cancer.