While specific social fear was accompanied by an increased activity of ceramidases, especially in the ventral hippocampus and ventral mesencephalon, and increased levels of SM24:1 in the dorsal hippocampus, social fear with comorbid depression was accompanied by changes in the activity of sphingomyelinases and acid ceramidase, as well as in sphingolipid levels and sphingolipid ratios in most of the investigated brain regions. Here, ASAH1 is linked to depressive disorder.