In mouse models, GDF15 was overexpressed in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by human rhinovirus (RV), in addition to promoting virus replication and increasing the inflammatory state, which is possibly explained by impaired production of interferon-γ1 (IFN-γ1) [212]. This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.