The IMM protein PHB1 binds to PHB2 to form heterodimers and regulates cellular senescence, apoptosis, assembly of mitochondrial respiratory chain, maintenance of mitochondrial cristae junctions and mitochondrial biogenesis [173, 174] Furthermore, the PHB colocalized with annexin A2 in the vascular ECs to regulate CD36-mediated fatty acid transport, and targeting a proapoptotic peptide to PHBs reversed obesity without any adverse effect [175, 176], indicating the potential for development of targeted drugs for treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases. This evidence concerns the gene PHB1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.