These two amino acids tag specifically the following HLA alleles: HLA-DQB1*02 (DQ2), HLA-DQB1*03:02 (DQ8), HLA-DQB1*04, HLA-DQB1*05 and HLA-DQB1*06, which have mostly been associated with ‘autoimmune’ and inflammatory disorders, including celiac disease, allergy to hydrolyzed wheat proteins, autoimmune pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and narcolepsy [55, 74–78]. This evidence concerns the gene HLA-DQB1 and inflammatory bowel disease.