ACTA1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Our data in the line with the previous findings, where STING stimulation in COPD fibroblasts triggered significant increase in remodeling markers, TGF-β, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), COL1A1, collagen III (COL3A1), and MMPs, while treatment with STING inhibitor, H151, in combination with dexamethasone reduced them (Fig 5A–5I).