For example, overexpression of DDR1 enhances integrin matrix adhesion in human embryonic kidney cells and in human and mouse fibroblasts (Xu et al., 2012; Staudinger et al., 2013; Borza et al., 2022), and high levels of DDR2 enhance integrin activation in cancer-associated fibroblasts in mice (Bayer et al., 2019). Here, DDR1 is linked to cancer.