APOB and coronary artery disorder: A prospective cohort study in males found an odds ratio of 1.6 (95% CI: 1.1–2.3) for ischemic heart disease with each increase of 1 SD in fasting insulin concentration after adjustment for plasma TAGs, apoB, LDL-C, and HDL-C (158), while a meta-analysis of cohort studies and nested case–control studies showed that the relative risk of CVD per 1 SD increase in HOMA-IR was 1.37 (1.05, 1.80) for females and 1.41 (1.12, 1.77) for males (159).