PIK3CB and osteosarcoma: It is well known that LC3-II, ATG5 and p62 protein levels are closely related to autophagy levels, and several studies have shown that inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in osteosarcoma cells can increase the expression levels of LC3-II, ATG5 and p62, which increases autophagy and decreases the proliferative and invasive potential of osteosarcoma cells (64, 131, 132).