Vazifedan et al. (2017) also found that crocin inhibited the proliferation of HN-5 cells by enhancing the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation-induced toxicity and apoptosis. Yin & Xiong (2022) showed that in cisplatin-treated cancer cells, crocin significantly reduced the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen as well as malondialdehyde, and increased the levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase in lipid peroxidation process. This evidence concerns the gene CAT and cancer.