BMMs isolated from WT, TLR2−/− or MYD88−/− mice were infected with WT or ΔtolC LVS, and host cell death was measured by LDH release at 24 h p.i. Whereas infection of WT BMMs with the ∆tolC mutant led to an approximately twofold increase in cell death compared to infection with the WT LVS, this was no longer observed for the TLR2−/− and MYD88−/− BMMs (Fig. 3A and C). Here, MYD88 is linked to infection.