TGFB1 and cancer: PKA was found to be a vital downstream kinase upon the stimulation of TGF‐β1, PDGF and EGF, and it could activate Runx2 by promoting phosphorylation and translocation of Runx2 in osteoblasts, cancer cells or epithelial cells,31, 36, 37, 38, 39 which is consistent with our results that PKA agonist and antagonist notably induced or reduced Runx2 nuclear translocation in HSC.