In mammals, MAPKs can be grouped into three main subfamilies, namely, ERK, p38, and JNK, which have been demonstrated to be associated with both infection and non-infection-induced inflammatory responses (Arthur et al. 2013; Li et al. 2017; Ni et al. 2022; Rincón et al. 2009; Rodriguez-Barbero et al. 2006). Here, MAPK8 is linked to infection.