Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are critical drivers of the immunosuppressive microenvironment and are recruited to tumors by colony stimulating factor (CSF), transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) and chemokines, such as CCL2 (MCP-1) [6], and these cells mostly exhibit an alternatively activated macrophage (M2)-like phenotype [7]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and neoplasm.