NOS1 and neoplasm: Although not investigated in the current study, we anticipate that coinhibition of NOS1 and lysosomes will be beneficial to cancer treatment because (1) overexpression of NOS1 is observed in many tumors and considered responsible for in vivo tumor immune escape and metastasis20,22, and because (2) NOS1 inhibitor protects the brain from ischemic damage1, which can be induced by cancer-associated events and chemotherapies.