ACE and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The MAGGIC risk score consists of 13 simple variables including age, sex,ejection fraction (EF), systolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), serumcreatinine level, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, smoking status, presenceof heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and diabetes, aswell as use of beta-blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensinreceptor blocker (ACEI/ARB).