Additionally, immunohistochemical results revealed an increase in TNF-α immunoexpression in the renal tubules of the group treated with adenine, and these results were detected by Elenkov et al. (2005), who claimed that adenine-induced chronic renal failure induced the discharge of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α (Elenkov et al. 2005). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is chronic kidney disease.