While it is known that NeoAg-specific CD8+ T cells are capable of directly recognizing and destroying tumor cells, clinical responses have also been observed in patients receiving adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) with autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) containing NeoAg-specific CD4+ T cells, suggesting that CD4+ T cells also play a crucial role in directing tumor immune responses9–11. Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.