In particular, HBV integrations in tumour tissue samples were detected in mitochondrial genes encoding the ND1, ND2, ND4, and ND5 core subunits of OXPHOS Complex I, CYTB of OXPHOS Complex III, COX1 of OXPHOS Complex IV, and ATP6 of OXPHOS Complex V. The RNR2 (16 S rRNA) mitochondrial gene and the non-coding regulatory displacement loop (D-loop) mitochondrial region30 were also targets of HBV in tumour tissues. Here, MT-ND4 is linked to neoplasm.