Analysis of HBV genome breakpoints showed non-tumour-enrichment of integration sites at nucleotides 2877–752 (including the preS/S region) within the D-loop region and a higher proportion of breakpoints at nucleotides 1000–1887 (including the ENH I/X promoter, the X gene, the ENH II/BCP, and the Precore region) within protein-encoding mitochondrial genes (Fig. 3) in tumour tissues. This evidence concerns the gene PDLIM5 and neoplasm.