Cathepsin B, L, and S can induce a series of effects in tumor cells by affecting autophagy, including the enhancement of PGE2 synthesis, glycolysis, and lipid metabolism, and by guiding the transformation of the M2 phenotype of tumor-related macrophages, promoting angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, inhibiting anti-tumor immunity, and mediating immune escape (97). This evidence concerns the gene CTSB and neoplasm.