Many miRNAs are known to inhibit autophagy and target IBD-relevant autophagy genes (Nod2, Atg16l1 or Irgm), thereby modulating intestinal function and innate intestinal immunity and affecting inflammatory levels in IBD (Jung et al., 2021; S. Wang Shiyuan et al., 2018) (Table 1). The gene discussed is NOD2; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.