NFKB1 and insomnia: Chen et al., 2011). An animal study decrease insomnia-related anxiety (Wang et al., 2014). Furthermore, the inhibitory modulation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation by Wen-dan-tang may mediate its antidepressant effect (Jia et al., 2018). Overall, gastroesophageal reflux disease was reported to be associated with IBS (Ruigómez et al., 2009; Yarandi et al., 2010; de Bortoli et al., 2018). Wen-dan-tang consistently demonstrated significant improvement in symptom relief, and this efficacy was sustained over time in gastroesophageal reflux disease (Ling et al., 2015).