As oxytocin and vasopressin (and its synthetic V1b receptor agonist desmopressin) are small polypeptides or molecules, these can be administered by an intranasal route to deliver them at extra- and intra-hypothalamic sites (Buijs, 1978; Tribollet,1992; Banks, 2008), where some of the pathology of cocaine use disorder is thought to arise (Lee et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene OXT and cocaine use disorder.