The activity of peroxidasin – an enzyme that mediates collagen cross-linking – has recently been linked to the promotion of lung cancer through inhaled air-pollution particles, which adsorb peroxidasin and induce aberrant ECM thickening (34), providing a rationale to examine peroxidasin expression in early-stage NSCLC ECM. Here, PXDN is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.