MMP14 and pulmonary emphysema: Indeed, the expression of MMP2 and MMP14, which were up-regulated in lung tumour ECM, is linked to poorer patient outcomes in NSCLC (44, 45), and MMP12, also up-regulated in tumour samples, is associated with faster disease relapse and metastasis in NSCLC patients (46) and the occurrence of bronchioalevolar adenocarcinomas in patients with emphysema (47).