In cirrhosis, immunological mechanisms are compromised, leading to a state of cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID), predisposing patients with cirrhosis to the development of sepsis, which leads to an increase in pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β) and other vasodilators including nitric oxide. Here, TNF is linked to Cirrhosis.