LYST and fungal infectious disease: Moreover, some key enzymes related to or involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, such as PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase) (Pant et al., 2021), CHS (chalcone synthase) (Zu et al., 2019), CHI (chalconeisomerase) (Dao et al., 2011), ANR (anthocyanidin reductase) (Su et al., 2022), DFR (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase) and ANR (anthocyanidin reductase) (Kumar et al., 2013), play important roles in the plant response to UV-B radiation and bacterial or fungal infection.