The aims of the present study were to: 1) examine the association between serum GDF-15 levels and coronary artery disease severity and J-HBR; and 2) examine the impact of serum GDF-15 on clinical outcomes such as mortality, MACE, HF-related rehospitalization, bleeding events, and thrombotic events in Japanese patients with IHD. The gene discussed is GDF15; the disease is myocardial ischemia.