The final biomarker we found to be associated with sac volume after EVAR was IGFBP-2, a binding protein primarily known for its modulating capacity on especially insulin-like-growth factor-1.34 This protein has been suggested to be involved in the process of atherosclerosis34 and as a biomarker in other cardiovascular diseases like heart failure35 and diabetes mellitus.36 Together with that of TIMP4, the association of IGFBP2 with post-EVAR volume disappeared when combining all biomarkers in one model. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and diabetes mellitus.