In particular, CAF plasticity can be induced by numerous tumor cell-derived growth factors and chemokines, including TGF-β, epidermal growth factor (EGF), PDGF, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)68, which skew CAFs toward specific subsets via activation of key regulatory pathways. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.