Mounting evidence has pointed to TGF-β1 signaling as one of the key regulators governing the fate of CAF subpopulations, especially between myCAF and iCAF conversion in PDAC, which is under preclinical investigation by transforming tumor-promoting iCAFs into tumor-restrictive myCAFs through activation of TGF-β signaling69. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.