To rule out the possibility that 2-D08 attenuating the goblet cell metaplasia was secondary to its inhibitory effects on inflammatory response in the OVA- or HDM-induced asthma mouse model, we intratracheally instilled mice with bioactive recombinant mouse IL-13 (12 μg/mouse) to induce airway epithelial metaplasia, following intratracheal instillation of 2-D08 (Fig. 2g). Here, IL13 is linked to asthma.