Although there was no significant correlation between IFI16 expression in the tubulointerstitial region and total AI (Fig. 4C; r = 0.1752, P = 0.0769), there was a significant association between higher tubulointerstitial IFI16 expression and interstitial inflammation in LN patients (Fig. 4H; P = 0.0007). Here, IFI16 is linked to lobular neoplasia.