TGFB1 and interstitial lung disease: Indeed, an abnormal profibrotic Th2-polarized T cell response has been postulated to mediate tissue damage and fibrosis in SSc-ILD as Th2 cytokines lead to the activation of alternative inflammatory pathways and to the transcription of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, involved in induction and progression of fibrosis [8, 9].