TNF and Chagas disease: Using the DAVID Bioinformatics Resources database (http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/) for our enrichment of target genes pathway analysis, we found that the top ten signaling pathways (P<0.05) were: cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, rheumatoid arthritis pathway, age-rage signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, adrenergic signaling pathway, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (Fig. 4A).