CXCL12 and atrial fibrillation: It also represented that the SDF-1α recruited MSCs in NP could only be achieved under the chemokine itself exist and mechanical support from the scaffold simultaneously, and the lack of mechanical support would lead to inward bulging AF and the contents in NP cavity extrusion (Supplementary Fig. 3 NP Injury, HA and HA + SDF-1α group)22,49.