CA2 and malaria: A proteomic study by Su et al showed that carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) and 3 (CA3), critical in regulating bicarbonate transport, were risk factors and potential biomarkers for dilated cardiomyopathy-associated HF.[15] As reviewed, dynamic extracellular matrix changes are closely related to the pathogenesis of HF.[16,17] The top 5 HF pathways enriched in upregulated DEGs were African trypanosomiasis, malaria, cAMP signaling, AGE-RAGE signaling, and asthma.