Wanfang, CNKI, and PubMed were searched for studies on children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis caused by PRF gene mutation using the search words “PRF1, Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial.” After reading the relevant literature, articles on children with central nervous system damage as the initial symptom were selected. The gene discussed is PRF1; the disease is hemophagocytic syndrome.