Elinav et al. demonstrated that NLRP6 deficiency in mouse colonic epithelial cells resulted in reduced IL-18 levels and altered fecal microbiota characterized by expanded representation of the bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae) and TM7, which in turn induces IBD pathogenesis (Elinav et al., 2011). The gene discussed is NLRP6; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.