NPM1c binds PML through the formation of disulfide bonds, resulting in the disassembly of PML bodies.123 Clinical observations indicated that inhibition of nucleolar transcription of ribosomal DNA by actinomycin D (Act-D) could induce complete remissions and even cure NPM1c+ AML patients.124 Molecular studies demonstrated that treatment with Act-D disrupted NPM1c-PML complexes, restored PML bodies, and prevented aberrant clonogenic activity of NPM1c+ AML cells. The gene discussed is PML; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.