IL10 and rheumatoid arthritis: In a rheumatoid arthritis model, butyrate significantly increased systemic Treg cells and reduced Th17 cells by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-17A, IL-1β and IL-6, and promoting anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression (131), and it is suggested that butyrate may have the same effects in OA.