CXCL11 and cancer: Cancer cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells such as leukocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells are primarily responsible for CXCL11 production (Gao and Zhang, 2021) CXCL11 is an effector chemokine regulating T cell recruitment that promotes effector immune cells (e.g., CD8T cells, Th1 cells, TH17 cells and antigen-presenting cells).