VWF and breast cancer: vWF reflects a poor prognosis of advanced metastatic colorectal cancer[22] and gastric cancer,[23] and is a biomarker of breast cancer progression.[14c] The expression of vWF in tumors has also been suggested to be an indicator of activated endothelium or angiogenesis.[13] Paradoxically, a high serum level of vWF has been reported to be a favorable prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma.[24] These reports implicate the multifaceted roles of vWF in different cellular contexts.