Presynaptic accumulation of α-synuclein driving synaptic dysfunction instrinsic to synucleinopathies [114,153].Widespread reduction in synaptic density found with PET imaging [154,155].Some markers of synaptic plasticity (e.g. neurogranin and GAP-43) may correlate with ADNC [114,115]. This evidence concerns the gene SNCA and synucleinopathy.