AIF1 and congenital rubella syndrome: As shown in Fig. 6F–H, the protein level and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of GFAP increased in CRS + HC-tr group, compared to in adolescent CRS mice, indicating enhanced activation of astrocytes by HC-GM transplantation; meanwhile, as expected, Iba1-marked microglial activation was significantly ameliorated following normobiotic GM transplantation (Fig. 6F, I, J).